La condición jurídica del hielo y su comprensión en el contexto del régimen antártico

Freshwater resources on the planet are mainly in the different ice formations, which are located especially in the Antarctic region. It is amazing but, at the same time, is worrying that contemporary international law can not give a solution to the legal status of the ice. This concern is heightened considering the scarcity of fresh water on the planet and that the resource is found in large quantities in Antarctica. Uncertainty remains who and how you can use this resource. It is for this reason that this article seeks to clarify what is ultimately the status of the ice, which is necessary to distinguish between the different formations of ice on the planet. Then, it is necessary to analyze the problem of ice under the Antarctic Treaty System and find a satisfactory solution to the current world and future generations.Los recursos de agua dulce en el planeta se encuentran principalmente en las distintas formaciones de hielo, las que se ubican especialmente en la región antártica. Es increíble y a la vez preocupante, que el derecho internacional contemporáneo no pueda dar una solución al estatus legal del hielo. Esta preocupación se acrecienta teniendo en consideración la escasez de agua dulce en el planeta y que este recurso se encuentra en gran cantidad en la Antártica. Se mantiene la incertidumbre de quién y cómo se puede aprovechar este recurso. Es por esta razón que el presente artículo busca dilucidar cuál es en definitiva la condición jurídica del hielo, para lo cual es necesario distinguir entre las distintas formaciones de hielo existentes en el planeta. Luego, es menester analizar el problema del hielo en el marco del Sistema del Tratado Antártico y buscar una solución satisfactoria para el mundo actual y las futuras generaciones

The Role of a Microservice Architecture on cybersecurity and operational resilience in critical systems

Critical systems are characterized by their high degree of intolerance to threats, in other words, their high level of resilience, because depending on the context in which the system is inserted, the slightest failure could imply significant damage, whether in economic terms, or loss of reputation, of information, of infrastructure, of the environment, or human life. The security of such systems is traditionally associated with legacy infrastructures and data centers that are monolithic, which translates into increasingly high evolution and protection challenges. In the current context of rapid transformation where the variety of threats to systems has been consistently increasing, this dissertation aims to carry out a compatibility study of the microservice architecture, which is denoted by its characteristics such as resilience, scalability, modifiability and technological heterogeneity, being flexible in structural adaptations, and in rapidly evolving and highly complex settings, making it suited for agile environments. It also explores what response artificial intelligence, more specifically machine learning, can provide in a context of security and monitorability when combined with a simple banking system that adopts the microservice architecture.Os sistemas críticos são caracterizados pelo seu elevado grau de intolerância às ameaças, por outras palavras, o seu alto nível de resiliência, pois dependendo do contexto onde se insere o sistema, a mínima falha poderá implicar danos significativos, seja em termos económicos, de perda de reputação, de informação, de infraestrutura, de ambiente, ou de vida humana. A segurança informática de tais sistemas está tradicionalmente associada a infraestruturas e data centers legacy, ou seja, de natureza monolítica, o que se traduz em desafios de evolução e proteção cada vez mais elevados. No contexto atual de rápida transformação, onde as variedades de ameaças aos sistemas têm vindo consistentemente a aumentar, esta dissertação visa realizar um estudo de compatibilidade da arquitetura de microserviços, que se denota pelas suas caraterísticas tais como a resiliência, escalabilidade, modificabilidade e heterogeneidade tecnológica, sendo flexível em adaptações estruturais, e em cenários de rápida evolução e elevada complexidade, tornando-a adequada a ambientes ágeis. Explora também a resposta que a inteligência artificial, mais concretamente, machine learning, pode dar num contexto de segurança e monitorabilidade quando combinado com um simples sistema bancário que adota uma arquitetura de microserviços

Leadership and strategy in Shakespeare : a comparative case-study of Julius Caesar and Henry V

This dissertation focuses on the leadership figures of Julius Caesar and Henry V through a double perspective, historical and Shakespearean, trying to evaluate if they convey any lessons for the leaders of today and tomorrow. The combination of historical and literary analysis expresses the two main purposes of the dissertation: exploring the strategic challenges Caesar and Henry had to face when in command and how they acted upon them, as well as a reflection on the relevance of Shakespeare’s work to the study of leadership. In regards to the first objective, it is argued that despite being inadequate to build a contemporary leadership framework from the lives of these men, they fit into a modern model of leadership which encompasses six characteristics - influence, purpose, direction, motivation, accomplishment and improvement. Moreover, their profiles also convey lessons on how to think strategically and how to adapt to changing circumstances. In regards to the second aim, it is claimed that Shakespeare’s work should not be taken as a structured portrait of individual leadership skills, but instead as a subtle analysis of the dilemmas inherent to any position of power. Ultimately, the inclusion of both historical and literary approaches can broaden the scope of leadership studies, adding a human dimension to this field of research

Longevity and parasitic capacity of the azorean type of Trichogramma cordubensis Vargas & Cabello (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)

3rd International Symposium "Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids". 3ème Symposium International "Les trichogrammes et autres parasites oophages", San Antonio (USA), 23-27 Sep 1990.The recent capture at the island of São Miguel-Azores of a local type of Trichogramma cordubensis Vargas & Cabello (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) gave rise to the question of its epigenetic characterization, according to parameters indentical to those of the continental type. This characterization was carried out with the objective of recognizing its ability to be used as a biological control agents against agricultural pests in this region. It was verified, for this local type, that, in similarity with the continental type, the maximum of its parasitic capacity occurs in the first day after emergence. This seems to indicate that this insect should be introduced in the inundative release fields before its emergence. The local type of T. cordubensis diverged significantly from the continental type in its longevity

Finding simple strategies for high returns

My objective throughout this paper is to provide useful insights to investors on simple ways to obtain high return focusing on Value & Momentum strategies applied to the US Market. Opposite from most existing literature, we were not able to prove the existence of both Price and Earnings Momentum. However, we see that past returns are explanatory of future for the same stock, as predicted by Moskowitz, Ooi and Pederson (2012). We observe that Value yield positive and abnormal returns, confirming past literature. Nonetheless, both strategies seem to be underperforming as they are not able to efficiently distinguish between true and false winners and losers. In order to solve this problem, I double sorted Value & Momentum using financial ratios and short-term trend indicators (acceleration indexes). For Momentum, generally, double sorting was either slightly or ineffective at all. For Value, double sorting improved returns suggesting that Price Earnings and Price to Cash-flow add complementary information to each other. After Accelerating Value & Momentum, we were able to establish the most profitable returns. However, the best possible risk-adjusted solution is the one proposed by Asness, Moskowitz & Pedersen (2013): an equal-weighted combination of returns.O objetivo principal deste paper é providenciar formas simples de obter retornos elevados focando em estratégias Value & Momentum aplicadas ao mercado Americano. Contrario à literatura existente, não pudemos provar a existência de Price e Earnings Momentum. Contudo, observamos que para a mesma Ação (Stock), retornos passados são indicadores relevantes de retornos futuros, tal como mencionado por Moskowitz, Ooi and Pederson (2012). Para além disso, podemos verificar que estratégias Value providenciam retornos anormais e positivos, confirmando os resultados de literatura existente. No entanto, ambas as estratégias Value e Momentum apresentam resultados aquém do esperado, uma vez que não são significativamente capazes de distinguir entre os verdadeiros e falsos winners e losers. De modo a resolver este problema, Value e Momentum foram filtrados duplamente utilizando rácios financeiros e indicadores de tendência de curto prazo (Índices de Aceleração). Momentum filtrado duas vezes por rácios financeiros, foi geralmente ineficiente. Por outro lado, para Value, pudemos observar que a dupla filtragem melhorou os resultados gerais, sugerindo que os rácios Price-Earnings e Cash-Flow to Price adicionam informação complementar um ao outro. Depois de acelerar Value e Momentum, fomos capazes de observar as estratégias com maior retorno. Contudo, a melhor solução ajustada ao risco é a mesma sugerida por Asness, Moskowitz & Pedersen (2013): uma combinação com pesos iguais de Value e Momentum, embora neste caso acelerados